Cine en casa, audio y salas de reuniones: los componentes y cómo elegirlos
Proyectores, pantallas, grandes displays y muros LED, altavoces, subwoofers, procesadores, tratamiento acústico y control: qué hace cada parte y cuál conviene a un cine en villa, un majlis o una sala de reuniones.
Tres tipos de sala, tres sistemas distintos
Las mismas palabras, «una pantalla y buen sonido», describen tres proyectos muy distintos. Decida cuál está construyendo antes de elegir ningún equipo.
Sala de cine dedicada. Una sala oscura y cerrada construida alrededor de la imagen y las butacas: proyector o muro LED, altavoces detrás de la pantalla, altavoces de techo, paredes tratadas y estructura aislada.
Sala multimedia o majlis. Un espacio luminoso y compartido que además debe verse bien: un gran display o muro LED, altavoces discretos empotrados y un subwoofer, con un control sencillo.
Sala de reuniones. El objetivo es la voz: quienes están al otro lado deben ver y oír a todos. La cámara, los micrófonos y el procesado del eco importan más que el volumen.
Cinema, audio and meeting-room components
What each part does, the figures that matter, and where it fits. Pictures are illustrations of the component type, not a product.
Laser projector
The way to a truly large picture: a laser light source projects onto a screen, with no lamp to replace.
Image size
comfortably 100 to 200 inches and more
Light source life
commonly about 20,000 hours
Best for
dedicated dark cinema rooms, large halls
Watch for
needs light control; the throw distance must match the lens
Projection screen
Half of the picture: the surface decides brightness, contrast and whether speakers can hide behind it.
screen gain and material must suit the projector and the room light
Large flat display
A big television panel: the brightest, simplest picture for rooms that are not dark.
Sizes
commonly 75 to 100 inches and more
Strength
bright, sharp, deep blacks on the best panels, nothing to align
Best for
living and media rooms, meeting rooms, bright spaces
Watch for
size is limited by the wall and by how the panel gets into the room
Direct-view LED video wall
Seamless LED modules built to any size: very bright, with no bezels and no projector.
Pixel pitch
the smaller the pitch, the closer you can sit
Rule of thumb
closest comfortable viewing distance in metres is roughly the pitch in millimetres
Best for
majlis and reception walls, boardrooms, control rooms, lobbies
Watch for
power, heat, a flat rigid wall and service access
AV processor, receiver and amplifiers
The centre of the system: it decodes the sound formats, switches the sources, corrects the room and powers the speakers.
Channels
from 5.1 up to 7.1.4, 9.1.6 and more
Room correction
measures the room with a microphone and adjusts each speaker
Best for
every cinema and media room
Watch for
ventilation in the rack and enough power for the speakers chosen
Front speakers (left, centre, right)
The three speakers behind or beside the screen. The centre carries almost all dialogue, so it matters most.
Placement
at ear height, ideally behind an acoustically transparent screen
Rule
three matching speakers for a seamless front
Best for
clear dialogue at any volume
Watch for
a small centre speaker under the screen is the usual weak point
Surround and height speakers
Speakers beside, behind and above the seats that place sounds around and over you in immersive formats such as Dolby Atmos.
Layouts
5.1.2, 7.1.4 and larger: the last number is the overhead speakers
Placement
follows the seating, not the furniture
Best for
the sense of being inside the scene
Watch for
ceiling positions must be planned before the ceiling is closed
Subwoofer
Reproduces the deep bass you feel as much as hear, which ordinary speakers cannot.
Range
roughly 20 to 120 Hz
How many
two or more even out the bass across the seats
Best for
films and music with real weight
Watch for
position decides the result more than size; bass also travels to the next room
Soundbar
Several speakers in one bar under the display: a large step up from the television's own sound with almost no installation.
Strength
simple, tidy, one cable
Limit
cannot place sound behind or above you like separate speakers
Best for
living rooms, bedrooms, small meeting rooms
Watch for
choose one with a separate subwoofer for films
In-ceiling speakers and multi-room audio
Flush speakers and a zone amplifier play music through the house or the building, each zone with its own source and volume.
Zones
each room or area controlled on its own
Commercial
long runs use 70/100 V line speakers
Best for
villas, majlis, restaurants, shops, offices
Watch for
moisture-rated speakers for bathrooms and outdoor areas
Acoustic treatment and isolation
Absorbers, diffusers and isolated walls: what makes speech clear inside the room and keeps sound from leaving it.
Two jobs
treatment shapes sound inside; isolation stops it passing through
Target
a short, even reverberation, typically about 0.3 to 0.5 s in a small cinema
Best for
cinemas, meeting rooms, majlis with hard surfaces
Watch for
isolation is built into the room structure; it cannot be added well later
Meeting-room camera, microphones and DSP
A camera that frames the speakers, ceiling or table microphones, and a processor that removes echo so remote people hear clearly.
Camera
auto-framing and speaker tracking for the room size
Microphones
ceiling arrays keep the table clear
Best for
meeting rooms, boardrooms, training rooms
Watch for
a hard, echoing room defeats any microphone: treat the room first
Control system and video distribution
One touch panel or keypad that starts everything in the right order, and a matrix or AV-over-IP that sends any source to any screen.
One button
'Watch a film' dims lights, lowers the screen and selects the source
Distribution
HDMI matrix for a few rooms, AV over the network for many
Best for
cinemas, villas with several screens, meeting floors
Watch for
it must be simple enough for a guest to use without help
Which picture technology suits the room
Technology
Works in a bright room
Very large image (over 120 inches)
Deep blacks in a dark room
Little upkeep
Laser projector
Partly
Yes
Partly
Partly
Large flat display
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Direct-view LED video wall
Yes
Yes
Partly
Partly
Start from the room, not the equipment
The room decides the system: its size, where people sit, how dark it can be made and how quiet it is. For a cinema feel, a picture about two-thirds as wide as the viewing distance fills the view. Sound is at least half of the experience, and the room's acoustics are half of the sound, so cable routes, speaker positions and treatment are fixed before finishes, not after.
Comprar primero el equipo y adaptar la sala después.
Gastar en la imagen y dejar el sonido y la sala sin tratar.
Un altavoz central demasiado pequeño para la pantalla, de modo que cuesta seguir los diálogos.
Cerrar techos y paredes antes de fijar las rutas de cable y la posición de los altavoces.
Un rack de equipos sin ventilación.
Un sistema de control que solo sabe manejar el instalador.
Preguntas frecuentes
¿Proyector o gran display para un cine en casa?
En una sala que se puede oscurecer, un proyector con una pantalla adecuada da la imagen más grande para el presupuesto. En una sala luminosa y compartida, un gran display o un muro LED es mejor opción porque se mantiene vivo con las luces encendidas.
¿Cuántos altavoces necesito?
Un buen comienzo es 5.1: tres altavoces frontales, dos envolventes y un subwoofer. Añadir dos o cuatro altavoces de techo (5.1.2 o 7.1.4) da el efecto inmersivo. El tamaño de la sala y los asientos deciden la distribución.
¿Necesita la sala tratamiento acústico?
Casi siempre. Las paredes duras y paralelas, el mármol y el vidrio hacen la voz poco clara y los graves irregulares. Un tratamiento moderado y bien situado suele mejorar el resultado más que un equipo más caro.
¿Cuándo debe planificarse el sistema?
Antes de los acabados. Las rutas de cable, la posición de los altavoces, el rack, la ventilación y el aislamiento son mucho más fáciles y baratos de integrar que de añadir después de cerrar techo y paredes.
Cuéntenos cómo es el sitio.
Envíenos los planos, el alcance o simplemente la dirección. Le responderemos con las preguntas importantes y, después, con una fecha para la visita técnica.
